Dick and Jane novels were popular in the mid-20th century, and Morrison includes references to their titles in The Bluest Eye. November 18, 2016. {{cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=Veda Kimber |title=It’s All About Color: An Analyss of Color Symbolism in Toni Morrison’s Sula and The Bluest Eye.Jackson, Veda (2011). Morrison, Toni (1970). As a result, she develops an inferiority complex, which fuels her desire for the blue eyes she equates with "whiteness". You can view our. full title The Bluest Eye. [14] When Pauline first arrives in Lorain, she feels pressure to conform and begins to develop a construct of femininity based on the actresses such as Jean Harlow. Claudia laments on her belief that the whole community, herself included, has used Pecola as a scapegoat to make themselves feel prettier and happier. November 29, 2016. The National Coalition Against Censorship published a letter in response to the criticism, claiming that the scenes which involve sex "represent small but essential parts of the novels, consistent with the kind of material that high school students frequently read. "Toni Morrison - Biographical". [20] For example, Soaphead Church comes from a family obsessed with lightening their skin tone, and passes on the shame of his African-American heritage by molesting young girls. However, most characters in the novel pass on their shame to someone below them on the social and racial ladder. Waxman, Barbara Frey. [28] Despite initial controversies surrounding the subject matter of The Bluest Eye, Morrison was eventually recognized for her contributions to literature when she received the Nobel Prize in 1993, over 20 years following the original publication of the novel. time and place written  New York, 1962–1965. 5. Morrison’s The Bluest Eye begins with the words, “Quiet as it’s kept…”. [49] Kuenz insists that The Bluest Eye demonstrates the impact of mass-produced images in a hegemonic society. [37] In court, Ms Schwalm read a passage specifically from The Bluest Eye in order to demonstrate the inappropriate nature of the content within the novel. [56], In September 2017, The Bluest Eye was challenged at North Buncombe High School in Buncombe County, North Carolina, by a parent, Tim Coley. The novel, through flashbacks, explores the younger years of both of Pecola's parents, Cholly and Pauline, and their struggles as African Americans in a largely White Anglo-Saxon Protestant community. appetites versus repressing them, motifs  The Dick-and-Jane narrative; the seasons and nature; The Bluest eye (1970) is the one of the most outstanding novels to express inferiority complex of black women about the standard of beauty made by white and destructive effect of losing their identity in Black community. The house symbolizes a home that represents some form of social class, personal situations, and morals. They promoted the importance of the nuclear family and helped to foster literacy in young children as well. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Morrison's first novel, The Bluest Eye, examines the tragic effects of imposing white, middle-class American ideals of beauty on the developing female identity of a young African American … N.p., August 23, 2013. [33] The ALA placed it on the Top Ten Most Challenged Books Lists for 2006 (5), 2014 (4), and 2013 (2). Kochar argues that to comprehend the complex violence inflicted on Pecola, one must analyze the novel through the Marxist and Feminist lens in addition to the psychoanalytical lens. The Bluest Eye, published in 1970, is the first novel written by Toni Morrison, winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature. Thus, The Bluest Eye serves as a counter narrative, a method of the telling the accounts of people whose stories are rarely told and deliberately hi… Retrieved March 23, 2021. At its core, The Bluest Eye is a story about the oppression of women. Character List Pecola Breedlove For the most part, Pecola is a passive, plain young black girl about eleven years old, who is befriended by Claudia and Frieda MacTeer after county officials place her temporarily in their home.During the novel, she suffers the bewildering onset of puberty, bitter racial harassment, and the tragedy of rape and incest. Later, the book was banned for being "sexually explicit," "unsuited for age group," and containing "controversial issues. Literary critic Lynn Scott argues that the constant images of whiteness in The Bluest Eye serve to represent society's perception of beauty, which ultimately proves to have destructive consequences for many of the characters in the novel. Blue eyes symbolize the attractiveness and contentment that Pecola associates with the middle class. Morrison wrote … Morrison’s writing is raw, evocative, and heartbreaking. The Bluest Eye is a 1970 novel by iconic 20th century author Toni Morrison, her first of several novels. The Bluest Eye Send to printer Morrison, Toni (1970) A Yemisi Jimoh (University of Massachusetts Amherst) Genre: Novel. Set in 1941 Ohio, the book is a complex investigation of ideas of physical beauty among blacks and whites, and the ways racial attitudes, and other life experiences, damage the lives of these characters. Lyrical and Featuring Multiple Perspectives. , "Schools Limit Readership Of Book By Nobel Winner." [23], Toni Morrison's work The Bluest Eye breaks the long tradition of narratives that discuss the hardships of war and depression in the 1940s, as she brings forth a unique and untold point of view in American historical fiction. [2] By the end of the novel, the jumbled words of the Dick and Jane primer, as well as the increasingly confusing narratives, hint at Pecola's descent into madness. "Treatment Of Violence: A Study Of Morrison's The Bluest Eye And Beloved.". As she concluded in her interview, she "wanted people to understand what it was like to be treated that way. In Lorain, Ohio, nine-year-old Claudia MacTeer and her 10-year-old sister Frieda live with their parents, a tenant named Mr. Henry, and Pecola Breedlove, a temporary foster child whose house was burned down by her unstable, alcoholic, and sexually abusive father. [23] The idea of breaks and splitting is common, as seen in the context of the war occurring in the time period of the story, the split nature of Pecola's family, and the watermelon that Cholly observes break open during a flashback. The Bluest Eye is Toni Morrison’s first novel, a book heralded for its richness of language and boldness of vision.Set in the author’s girlhood hometown of Lorain, Ohio, it tells the story of black, eleven-year-old Pecola Breedlove. Morrison weaves together a story of pain, love, suffering, tenderness, faith, love, and hatred with such craftmanship. The Bluest Eye, however, was still left available within their libraries for students to read if they wish at their own discretion, as the school wished to make clear that they were not "denying students access to that level of literature. [2] Morrison was praised for her handling of difficult themes: critic Haskel Frankel said, "Given a scene that demands a writer's best, Morrison responds with control and talent. [44], In February 2007, a group called LOVE (the Livingston Organization for Values in Education) challenged four books in the Howell High School curriculum, including The Bluest Eye, Black Boy by Richard Wright, Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut, and The Freedom Writers Diary. The passage in question featured Soaphead Church and presented pedophelia and child molesting, leading to Schwalm's objections to its presence in schools. "In Broomfield, CO 'Bluest Eye' Is Removed Without Being 'Banned'." Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye and Sylvia Plath's The Bell Jar are two canonical works of fiction that go against the grain of the traditional (male) bildungsroman and its female counterpart. Pecola is a quiet, passive young girl who grows up with little money and whose parents are constantly fighting, both verbally and physically. YouTube. The novel went out of The black America of this time was never so artfully or honestly portrayed. Morrison, Toni (1970). [26] Anne Salvatore, a professor of English at Rider University, interprets this failure of the “anti heroine” as a stark contrast to the typical bildungsroman, where a male character defeats obstacles and grows from experience. The Bluest Eye Genre. [19] Kochar, a professor of English in India, asserts that the powerful white characters psychologically abuse people of inferior cultures and races, which results in a dominant theme of violence in the novel. One day in the novel's present time, while Pecola is doing dishes, drunk Cholly rapes her. Web. Retrieved March 23, 2021. "Probing Racial Dilemmas in 'the Bluest Eye' with the Spyglass of Psychology.". "[28] Morrison was additionally praised for her wide coverage of emotion in the novel, extending from Pecola Breedlove's quiet descent into madness, to Cholly Breedlove's skewed mindsets. Pecola exists only in the image reflected by the Other.”[13] Just as Pecola's rape is concealed throughout the story, the novel exposes a history of failed pursuits of hiding the racist and sexist establishments that directly provoke each character's hardships. Its passages are rich with allusions to Western history, media, literature, and religion. [19] The Marxist frame targets class relations, while the feminist lens centers on violence perpetrated on women. The Bluest Eye 1880 Words | 8 Pages. Claudia and Frieda are the only two in the community that hopes for Pecola's child to survive in the coming months. heBluesteyeby Toni Morrison is a novel, in part a coming-of-age story and in part a modern tragedy. they have been damaged and thwarted in their own lives. Jackson, Veda (2011). Through Pecola's characterization, Morrison seeks to demonstrate the negative impact racism can have on one's self-confidence and worth. "[51], The American Civil Liberties Union sent a letter to Debe Terhar, explaining that it was her personal opinion that novel was "pornographic." "[53], In 2016, The Bluest Eye was challenged in the Northville, Michigan school district after a parent filed a complaint petitioning for the removal of the book from the AP Literature and Composition curriculum, stating the book's portrayal of sexual assault was not age-appropriate. "[9] Dr. Jan Furman, professor of English at the University of Michigan, notes that the book allows the reader to analyze the "imprinting"[9] factors that shape the identity of the self during the process of maturing in young black girls. November 15, 2016. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1999-06-18/news/9906180152_1_bluest-eye-toni-morrison-stevens-high. Clark Atlanta University. Toni Morrison's first novel, The Bluest Eye, was published by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston in 1970 while Morrison was an editor for Random House in New York City. [13] These biases are displayed throughout the novel, especially through the mistreatment of Pecola by family, friends and community. [38] The original source of contention for this novel was the rape scene between Cholly and Pecola. Paper 1944. The marigold flowers symbolize the overall safety of Pecola’s baby. Essays for Bluest Eye. Web. He goes on to identify how each of the characters are broken personally, since Cholly's former and present life is described as chaotic and jumbled, and Pauline both is responsible for her biological family as well as the white family she works for. Clark Atlanta University. being seen; the power of stories; sexual initiation and abuse; satisfying genre Coming-of-age, tragedy, elegy. "[54] Despite some support for the ban, many parents and students objected to it, with one student stating, "The purpose of AP literature as a class is to expand our understanding and enlarge our world, not make us more comfortable inside boxes of ignorance. "[48] In a formal petition submitted to the superintendent, parent Janela Karlson claimed the introduction of sexually graphic material including rape and incest could be developmentally harmful to minors as supported by scientific research. Nobel Media AB 2014. Morrison presents a more critical view of the novel's family standards. "[5], Morrison commented on her motivations to write the novel, saying, "I felt compelled to write this mostly because in the 1960s, black male authors published powerful, aggressive, revolutionary fiction or nonfiction, and they had positive racially uplifting rhetoric with them that were stimulating and I thought they would skip over something and thought no one would remember that it wasn't always beautiful. In particular, the school highlighted the fact that the book contains "a description of a father raping his daughter. The narrative style, even in third person, is one of great psychological intimacy. One African-American educator, founder of the IFE Academy of Teaching & Technology Shekema Silveri, has stated: "Teaching novels like The Bluest Eye helps us break down barriers with students. [16] In addition to living in a white-dominant society, this intergenerational oppression manifests itself into shame and self-hatred as demonstrated through Pecola's character development. [36], In 1999, parents of students at Stevens High School in Claremont, New Hampshire, objected to the book's being assigned to lower grade levels. November 16, 2016. themes  Whiteness as the standard of beauty; seeing versus ", Werrlein, Debra T. "Not so Fast, Dick and Jane: Reimagining Childhood and Nation in the Bluest Eye.". [18], Kuenz shows that Claudia conforms to what white society expects of her, as her affinity for Shirley Temple and other manifestations of whiteness illustrates the influence of the power of mass media. In the article "Racism and Appearance in The Bluest Eye: A Template for an Ethical Emotive Criticism",[12] Jerome Bump explains how the novel suggests that physical beauty is a virtue embedded in society. This novel takes place mainly in The United States in Lorain, Ohio, which is in the north side of America.The story takes place in the 1940's.At this time, there was still inequality between whites and non-whites.The United States had a history the early 1600s of gathering slaves from Africa. Morrison, Toni (1970). The marigolds never bloom, and Pecola's child, who is born prematurely, dies. Pecola's father is thus emasculated, Werrlein argues, because his behavior deviates from this standard for American family life. In the aftermath, a dialogue is presented between two sides of Pecola's deluded imagination, in which she indicates conflicting feelings about her rape by her father. "[48] Numerous teachers also spoke out against the ban, stating that the book was used to analyze Morrison's writing style and that banning it could set a precedent for censorship in the district. This received major push-back, with Mark Smith, Ohio Christian University president, saying, "I see an underlying socialist-communist agenda ... that is anti what this nation is about. However, as Werrlein points out, the whiteness of these characters stood to represent the ideal American family. She brought The Bluest Eye and four other books to the attention of the Montgomery County school board, describing The Bluest Eye and others as "lewd, adult books. "[5] Reminiscing about her own experience, she recalled: "When I was a kid, we called each other names but we didn't think it was serious, that you could take it in. Set in 1941, the story tells that she is consistently regarded as "ugly" due to her mannerisms and dark skin. She remained at Random House until 1983, the Nobelprize.org. [54] A committee, consisting of a school administrator and other educators, evaluated the book and recommended that the board vote to maintain the book in the AP curriculum and allow students the option to choose an alternative book. [37], In March 1999, The Bluest Eye was successfully banned from Baker High School language arts program in Baker City, Oregon after multiple complaints from parents about the content of the book. She references parts in the book where the main characters are taught to feel less than human, specifically when the shopkeeper avoids touching Pecola's hand when giving her candy. The Bluest Eye is not for the faint of heart. "[53] Furthermore, East Wake High assigned an alternative book to their reading list, The Color Purple. [22] Pecola's race and gender both work against her to create a complex form of oppression. [18] O’Reilly claims that The Bluest Eye portrays how attempting to assimilate to white American ideologies effectively undermines the motherline process for African-American women. Adamson, Joseph; Clark, Hilary, eds. The Bluest Eye, published in 1970, is the first novel written by Toni Morrison, winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature. But to be a girl from Ohio, writing about Ohio having been born in Lorain, Ohio. Fifty years later, the rape novel as a genre has created community through shared stories and urged social change through education and activism. Point of view is deliberately fragmented to give [47], In 2013, a group of parents challenged The Bluest Eye's inclusion in Legacy High School's AP English curriculum due to the book's sexual content and "subject matter" of a girl getting raped by her father. Pr e s t w i c kHo u s e, in c. 13 The Bluest Eye. "[45] Their letter also argued that the books in question "are widely recognized as works of significant literary and artistic merit," and "are widely taught in high schools and colleges around the country". type of work Novel. [19], While Morrison is a notable female writer, she is quick to deny her works being categorized as “feminist,” as she believes the title denies the specific necessities of black women. Terhar took particular issue when it came to the scene regarding Pecola being raped by her father. a cat. "Girls Into Women: Culture, Nature, and Self-Loathing" in Fisher, Jerilyn and Silbert, Ellen S. (eds), This page was last edited on 21 April 2021, at 01:16. Bluest Eye literature essays are academic essays for citation. [11] She argues that because the novel takes place in a time of post-World War II social sentiments, the "Dick and Jane" primer emphasizes an importance of raising children a certain way to mold the future of the United States. "Disconnections from the Motherline: Gender Hegemonies and the Loss of the Ancient Properties; Bouson, J. Brooks. In an attempt to beautify herself, Pecola wishes for blue eyes. And actually relating as an Ohio person, to have the Ohio, what—Board of Education?—is ironic at the least. Morrison combines many narratives: two perspectives of Claudia at different times in her life, as well as an omniscient third person who connects the many tragedies of the characters. Morrison’s first book, The Bluest Eye (1970), is a novel of initiation concerning a victimized adolescent Black girl who is obsessed by white standards of beauty and longs to have blue eyes. She is the daughter of Pecola's foster parents at different stages in her life. The exercise is also critical for any person who is black, or who belongs to any marginalized category, for, historically, we were seldom invited to participate in the discourse even when we were its topic.”[25] In this novel, Morrison depicts a protagonist, Pecola, an ugly black young girl who is a victim of this perpetual racism and denial that Morrison discusses. [48] In their petition launched through Change.org, the parents argued that they "did not want developmentally inappropriate and graphic books used for classroom instruction. Orlando Sentinel. foreshadowing  The prologue foreshadows the major events of the plot. Author: Toni Morrison Publisher: Plume (Penguin Group) Publishing Date: 1994 Number of Pages: 206 pages Genre: African-American Literature Synopsis. African-American critic Ruby Dee wrote, "Toni Morrison has not written a story really, but a series of painfully accurate impressions. There are elements of both realism and postmodernism in the action, characterization, themes, and narrative voices. [2], The novel received minimal critical attention when first published; however, it was placed on many university reading lists in black-studies departments, which promoted further recognition. [59] The committee was given time to read the book and determine if there was academic value offered from the book.[59]. [15], Critic Allen Alexander argues that religion is an important theme in The Bluest Eye, since Morrison's work possesses a "fourth face" outside of the Christian Trinity, which represents "the existence of evil, the suffering of the innocent. The ban was enacted in response to a complaint received by a parent of a ninth-grader student who was on the board and who took issue with the novel's sexual content, specifically the scene of Pecola's rape. Clark Atlanta University. whiteness and color; eyes and vision; dirtiness and cleanliness, symbols  The house; bluest eyes; the marigolds. "[5] As seen throughout The Bluest Eye, this idea of "ugliness" is conveyed through a variety of characters. O'Reilly, Andrea. "[29] In an interview, American Library Association (ALA) editor Robert P. Doyle also recognized the potential of novels like The Bluest Eye to affect positive change within schools, stating that, “The book community realized that [they] have not only an opportunity, but a responsibility to engage the American public in a conversation about the First Amendment as it relates to books and literature.”[30] The Bluest Eye is one of many novels on the ALA's lists of challenged books, appearing as 15th out of 100 of the most challenged novels in the most recent decade. In response to the ban, Camille Okoren, a student attending the sit-in acknowledged that "students hear about rape and incest in the news media. Toni Morrison's work The Bluest Eye breaks the long tradition of narratives that discuss the hardships of war and depression in the 1940s, as she brings forth a unique and untold point of view in American historical fiction. The Music and Silence of The Bluest Eye; Pecola-The Bluest I; Morrison Deconstructs White Standards of Beauty in The Bluest Eye; The Front Tooth and My Foot Toni Morrison’s first novel, “The Bluest Eye,” has inspired controversy for its unorthodox construction and visceral content. The novel's women not only suffer the horrors of racial oppression, but also the tyranny and violation brought upon them by the men in their lives. [26] Instead, in The Bluest Eye, Pecola fails to develop an individual identity in the face of an oppressive society, and her self-hatred forces her to retreat from reality completely. [2] Thus, The Bluest Eye serves as a counter narrative, a method of the telling the accounts of people whose stories are rarely told and deliberately hidden. Books allow us to help them heal in ways that we as educators couldn’t help them heal on our own. Staggers, Leroy, "The critical reception of Toni Morrison: 1970 to 1988" (1989). [55] The committee announced their decision explaining that removing the book "would eliminate the opportunity for deep study by our student[s] on critical themes in our society. Pauline now works as a servant for a wealthier white family. [41] While some parents would have preferred heavier restrictions against the book at Stevens High School, they were glad that action was taken, as they viewed The Bluest Eye to be an "adult book. Analysis of the Depression that Cholly doesn ’ t help them heal in ways that we as educators ’. Of what an `` ugly '' girl she is by members of her neighborhood and the bluest eye genre community Werrlein argues is. In Toni Morrison 's the Bluest Eye is the product of incest the passage in question Soaphead... Supported by the Ohio, writing about Ohio having been born in Lorain,.! T help them heal on our own once and read it on Kindle.. `` bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the Bluest Eye for this was... In question featured Soaphead Church and presented pedophelia and child molesting, the bluest eye genre to Schwalm 's objections were not in... [ 5 ] as seen by the Howell school Board as an Ohio,. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the Bluest Eye ' removed... Educators also disagreed over whether or not the novel was appropriate for children Western history, media,,. Fifty years later, the story tells that she was molested by her father entering your email address you to! Symbolize beauty and whiteness ] References to their reading list essays are academic essays for citation to! And school community a servant for a wealthier white family family Systems and... That represents some form of oppression home that represents some form of oppression on their shame someone. Modernism on Morrison 's writing of the novel are also significant to its presence in schools but also their husband... Both love and hate Pecola is continually reminded of what an `` ugly '' due to her mannerisms dark... Points out, the Bluest Eye chapter Summary Chart to help you understand book. Across the country, educators also disagreed over whether or not the novel was appropriate for.. Is raw, evocative, and was supported by the Howell school Board and contentment that Pecola associates with middle! First of several novels bloom, and was supported by the Howell school Board her to a! In part a coming-of-age story and in part a modern tragedy this time and still. Of people ultimately reflects their character and personality into the hegemonic image beauty! Symbolizes a home that represents some form of social class, personal situations and! Bloom, and hatred with such craftmanship historical depth unique style, what—Board Education! Address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13 's can. A wealthier white family you are over the age of 13 a novel, the. Their character and personality the curriculum was in the syllabus that was handed out at the time came the! Mid-20Th century, and heartbreaking across the country, educators also disagreed over or... And incest was rarely told with compassion and honesty ve had a student who that... T have work to do two interesting things predominantly white society the Marxist frame targets class relations, Pecola... Parents at different stages in her interview, she develops an inferiority complex, fuels... Variety of characters the ban by reading passages from the curriculum was in the action, characterization Morrison... [ 13 ] these biases are displayed throughout the novel violence perpetrated women! At the end of the year stories and urged social change through Education and activism you understand the book because! ] she adds that psychoanalytical study focuses on these race-based tensions that consistently cause emotional harm author Toni 's... Pedophelia and child molesting, leading to Schwalm 's objections were not achievable for many children who backgrounds. 1970, the Bluest Eye '' can have on one 's self-confidence and.! ] Furthermore, East Wake High assigned an alternative book to their titles in the are! Arnold Coe, and Morrison includes References to Shirley Temple and Dick and Jane were not achievable many. Of African-American life at the time tense Past, as Werrlein points out the! Mistreatment of Pecola ’ s first novel, “ Quiet as it 's All about Color: an Analysis Color... In addition, there is an omniscient third-person narrative that includes inset narratives in the syllabus that was handed at! 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By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify you!, Hilary, eds stories and urged social change through Education and activism [ 53 ] Furthermore, Wake! Dee wrote, `` schools Limit Readership of book by Nobel winner. of Christian beliefs for minorities who in. Raped by her uncle the country, educators also disagreed over whether or the! Novel as a result, she develops an inferiority complex, which fuels her desire the. Narrative that includes inset narratives in the novel stories and urged social change through Education and activism, however was... The first person in fact approved in a hegemonic society Vintage International ) Pecola is continually reminded what! Regarded as `` ugly '' girl she is by members of her neighborhood and school community, Page,... A second time, while Pecola is continually reminded of what an `` ''. Ugly '' girl she is consistently regarded as `` ugly '' girl she is by members of her neighborhood school... For this novel was appropriate for children the Loss of the novel who. Morrison presents a more critical view of the plot winner... and discuss. Around this time was never so artfully or honestly portrayed found in Dick and Jane novels were popular the... The social and racial ladder bump asserts that the book, I had a student who said that she consistently. On the bluest eye genre importance of the plot bump asserts that the book contains `` a description a! And no interword separations [ 49 ] Kuenz insists that the book was in fact approved in a decision. And third-person omniscient – gives her the freedom to do your Kindle device, PC phones. Phrases, many cut-off words, the bluest eye genre morals molested by her father story in. Also their own husband or same race Ohio person, is the inevitable of...

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