His reign saw turbulent and dramatic changes take place with baron-led rebellions and the confirmation of the Magna Carta. He was the son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-III-king-of-England-1207-1272, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry III, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Henry III, The Home of the Royal Family - Biography of Henry III, Henry III - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. Henry III of England King of England Desc: Henry III, also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. He strengthened the crown and Parliament against the old feudal nobility. Henry III, (born October 1, 1207, Winchester, Hampshire, Eng.—died November 16, 1272, London), king of England from 1216 to 1272. Henry III of England is a featured article; it (or a previous version of it) has been identified as one of the best articles produced by the Wikipedia community.Even so, if you can update or improve it, please do so. Find out more about how the BBC is covering the. The years until his death in 1219 were dominated by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. In the 24 years (1234–58) during which he had effective control of the government, he displayed such indifference to tradition that the barons finally forced him to agree to a series of major reforms, the Provisions of Oxford (1258). King of England Henry III, the eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angouleme was born on 1st October 1207 at Winchester. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In 1242 Henry’s Lusignan half brothers involved him in a costly and disastrous military venture in France. Baltimore, Genealogical Publishing Co, 1996), FHL book 973 D2fp., p. 225. The son of the unpopular King John of England (r. 1199-1216 CE), Henry was immediately faced with the ongoing Barons' War which had been fuelled by discontent over John's rule and his failure to honour the Magna Carta charter of liberties. The years until his death in 1219 were dominated by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets (CSS) if you are able to do so. The film Elizabeth, released in 1998, depicts a fictional courtship between Elizabeth I of England and Henry III while he was still Duke of Anjou. Her oldest brother Edward became dangerously ill when she was very young. King of England from 1216, when he succeeded John, but the royal powers were exercised by a regency until 1232, and by two French nobles, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, until the barons forced their expulsion in 1234, marking the start of Henry's personal rule. Henry died on 16 November 1272. Bodleian Libraries, Historical pastime. King Henry married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, thereby uniting the Lancastrian and York lineages. It is seven centuries since the death of King Henry III of England on November 16th, 1272. Omissions? View the animation and learn about the baronial revolt led by Simon de Montfort against King Henry III. In May 1265, Henry's eldest son Prince Edward escaped captivity and rallied the royalist forces, defeating and killing de Montfort at Evesham before taking control of government from his weakened father. Henry III Plantagenet of Winchester, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine, was born 1 October 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom to John of England (1167-1216) and Isabelle of Angoulême (1186-1246) and died 16 November 1272 inWestminster Palace, London, England, United Kingdom of unspecified causes. Many an English king found it hard to be faithful to his … Bodleian Libraries, Cards depicting monarchs- lacking title page.jpg 1,000 × 863; 69 KB. Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury, officiated. Also known as Henry of Winchester, Henry III was king of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the Lord of Ireland. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! [S1204] Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-century Colonists: the Descent from the Later Plantagenet Kings of England, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III, of Emigrants from England and Wales to the North American Colonies Before 1701 (2nd ed., 1999), Faris, David, (1st edition. In reality, the two never met and the Queen of England was actually courted nearly ten years later by his younger brother François, Duke of Anjou, when Elizabeth was 46. K ing Henry III was born in Winchester Castle on 1 October 1207, the eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angouleme. In 1216, at just nine years of age, young Henry became King Henry III of England. Corrections? BBC © 2014 The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Although his capable mother, Eleanor, advised him, John continuously made bad decisions. He concluded an agreement with Pope Innocent IV (pope 1243–54), offering to finance papal wars in Sicily if the Pope would grant his infant son, Edmund, the Sicilian crown. As king, John proved to be an incompetent ruler. Finally, in 1254 Henry made a serious blunder. Henry III (1 October 1207–16 November 1272) became King of England in 1216 when he was 9 years old, after the early death of his father King John. Following King John’s death in 1216 Henry, who was just a young boy, inherited the throne in difficult circumstances. Montfort ruled England in Henry’s name until he was defeated and killed by Edward at the Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire, in August 1265. His longevity on the throne would only be outdone by George III in 1816. Parliament of England - Wikipedia There were several phases of expansion, mainly under kings Richard I , Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. Beatrice's childhood was plagued by tragedy, and the stresses of her father's reign coupled with her mother's unpopularity with the English people. The breach between the King and his barons began as early as 1237, when the barons expressed outrage at the influence exercised over the government by Henry’s Savoyard relatives. Henry became Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his father, Count Geoffrey V, in 1151. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Edward I, byname Edward Longshanks, (born June 17, 1239, Westminster, Middlesex, England—died July 7, 1307, Burgh by Sands, near Carlisle, Cumberland), son of Henry III and king of England in 1272–1307, during a period of rising national consciousness. Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135. These measures, the Provisions of Oxford, provided for the creation of a 15-member privy council, selected (indirectly) by the barons, to advise the King and oversee the entire administration. Darren Baker tells a different story. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The marriage arranged (1238) by Henry between his sister, Eleanor, and his brilliant young French favourite, Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, increased foreign influence and further aroused the nobility’s hostility. Henry appealed to the barons for funds, but they agreed to cooperate only if he would accept far-reaching reforms. The most prominent instances of this before the reign of Henry III are the disagreements between Thomas Becket and Henry II and between King John and the barons. As regent in all but name he achieved success in the civil war and, assisted by the papal legate Guala, did much to restore royal…. Henry III, (born October 1, 1207, Winchester, Hampshire, Eng.—died November 16, 1272, London), king of England from 1216 to 1272. After the King’s death, Edward ascended the throne as King Edward I. This, together with defeats in Wales and local crises, brought about the main crisis of his reign. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. This article appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page as Today's featured article on October 19, 2017. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. By 1270, the country was sufficiently settled for Edward to set off on crusade. At that time London and much of eastern England were in the hands of rebel barons led by Prince Louis (later King Louis VIII of France), son of the French king Philip II Augustus. Henry III (1 October 1207–16 November 1272) became King of England in 1216 when he was 9 years old, after the early death of his father King John. The longest reign for 600 years is almost forgotten. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Henry was nine when his father died and he became king. Two ambitious Frenchmen, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, then dominated Henry’s regime until the barons brought about their expulsion in 1234. Henry III (born 1207, r. 1216–1272), the eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, was critically important to the history of Magna Carta. Henry, weak and senile, then allowed Edward to take charge of the government. Eleanor was married to King Henry III of England on 14 January 1236. He was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and was educated in Latin and the liberal arts.On William's death in 1087, Henry's elder brothers Robert Curthose and William Rufus inherited Normandy and England, respectively, but Henry was left landless. Henry was born in October 1207 in Winchester Castle, the son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême. Criticism began, perhaps, with Matthew Paris, the thirteenth-century St Albans’ chronicler. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets (CSS) enabled. The elder son and heir of King John (ruled 1199–1216), Henry was nine years old when his father died. The settlement began to break down in 1260 with quarrels between the Earl of Gloucester and the ambitious Simon de Montfort. (See family tree.) He was crowned king shortly after his father's death but King Louis VIII of France laid claim to the English throne for a number of months following John Lackland's death. The marriage arranged in 1238 between Henry's sister and English nobleman Simon de Montfort only made relationship between Henry and his leading nobles worse. In 1242, Henry's half brothers involved him in a disastrously expensive military venture in France. Henry III © A 13th century English king who came to the throne at an early age and whose reign was marked by strife with barons, led by Simon de Montfort. After his father John’s death in 1216, Henry, who was nine at the time, was hastily crowned in Gloucester Cathedral; he was A grandson of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, he was also the great-great-grandson of Louis VI of France. In May 1264, Simon de Montfort won a resounding victory at Lewes and set up a new government. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England, ultimately crippling their ability to do business. Beatrice was the second eldest daughter of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready. A 13th century English king who came to the throne at an early age and whose reign was marked by strife with barons, led by Simon de Montfort. The barons then began to demand a voice in selecting Henry’s counsellors, but the King repeatedly rejected their proposal. He was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.King Louis VII of France made him Duke of Normandy in 1150. She had never seen him prior to the wedding at Canterbury Cathedral and had never set foot in his kingdom. Henry deprived de Montfort's supporters of their lands, but the 'disinherited' fought back until terms were agreed in 1266 for former rebels to buy back their lands. Henry III of England ruled from 1216 to 1272 CE. The country was ruled by a series of regencies until 1234, when Henry took over. Read more. He was born in 1207 as the heir to the royal English throne after King John, his father. Henry III was born on October 1, 1207 to John of England. That event marked the beginning of Henry’s personal rule. Henry III was born in 1207 at Winchester Castle. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, which he had largely rebuilt in the gothic style during his reign. He uses the rich evidence of the king’s statements and actions, recorded day by day, to convey the hopes and feelings of the man himself. A council of regency presided over by the venerable William Marshal, 1st earl of Pembroke, was formed to rule for Henry; by 1217 the rebels had been defeated and Louis forced to withdraw from England. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Henry_III_of_England This prompted parliament to demand new blood on the council to act as 'conservators of liberties' and oversee royal finances. She was dressed in a shimmering golden dress that fitted tightly at the waist and flared out to wide pleats at her feet. He was a faithful husband and adoring father. But the king was able to exploit the differences between his opponents and little happened. He would end up ruling as king for 56 years (though he would only effectively rule for around 45 due to his youth in the first years). Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189. In April 1264 Montfort, who had emerged as Henry’s major baronial opponent, raised a rebellion; the following month he defeated and captured the King and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes (May 14, 1264), Sussex. Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and eventual successor of John Lackland as King of England, reigning for fifty six years from 1216 to his death. Read more. As regent in all but name he achieved success... Know about Simon de Montfort's baronial revolt against King Henry III and the contribution of 1215 Magna Carta in establishing Parliament. Media in category "Henry III of England" The following 10 files are in this category, out of 10 total. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 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